Getting Started: What You Need Before You File
Filing your Canadian taxes doesn't have to be overwhelming. Whether it's your first time or you're looking to sharpen your process, this guide walks you through every major step — from gathering documents to hitting submit with the CRA.
Before you open any software or fill out any forms, collect the following:
- T4 slips – from your employer(s), showing employment income and deductions
- T5 slips – for investment income such as dividends and interest
- RRSP contribution receipts – for any contributions made in the tax year or first 60 days of the following year
- T2202 (Tuition and Enrolment Certificate) – if you're a student
- Receipts for deductible expenses – medical, charitable donations, childcare, etc.
- Your Social Insurance Number (SIN)
- Last year's Notice of Assessment (NOA) – helpful for carryforward amounts
Step 1: Choose Your Filing Method
You have several options for filing your return in Canada:
- NETFILE-certified software – The most popular method. Programs like TurboTax, Wealthsimple Tax, and H&R Block allow you to file electronically directly with the CRA. Many have free tiers for simple returns.
- Paper return – You can download and print the T1 General form from the CRA website and mail it. This takes longer to process.
- EFILE through a tax professional – A certified tax preparer or accountant files on your behalf.
- Community Volunteer Income Tax Program (CVITP) – Free in-person or virtual tax clinics for eligible Canadians with modest incomes and simple tax situations.
Step 2: Enter Your Personal Information
Your return begins with basic personal details: name, address, SIN, marital status, and province or territory of residence on December 31 of the tax year. Your province determines which provincial tax rates and credits apply to you.
Step 3: Report All Sources of Income
Canadian tax law requires you to report worldwide income. This includes:
- Employment income (T4)
- Self-employment income
- Rental income
- Investment income (dividends, interest, capital gains)
- Government benefits (EI, CPP, OAS, CERB if applicable)
- Foreign income
Most tax software will guide you through each income type with dedicated sections.
Step 4: Claim Your Deductions and Credits
This is where you can significantly reduce your tax owing — or increase your refund. Common deductions include RRSP contributions, union dues, and childcare expenses. Common credits include the Basic Personal Amount, the Canada Workers Benefit, and medical expenses. Don't skip this step — many Canadians leave money on the table by not claiming everything they're entitled to.
Step 5: Review and Submit
Before submitting, review your return carefully:
- Check that all income slips are entered correctly
- Confirm your banking information for direct deposit refunds
- Review the summary page showing your refund or balance owing
Once satisfied, submit via NETFILE. The CRA typically confirms receipt within minutes and issues refunds via direct deposit within 2 weeks for electronic filers.
Key Deadlines to Remember
| Situation | Filing Deadline | Payment Deadline |
|---|---|---|
| Most individuals | April 30 | April 30 |
| Self-employed (and spouse) | June 15 | April 30 |
| Deceased taxpayer | 6 months after death | April 30 or 6 months |
Filing late when you owe money results in a penalty of 5% of the balance owing, plus 1% per month for up to 12 months. Even if you can't pay, file on time to avoid the filing penalty.
Final Tips
- Register for My Account on the CRA website to track your refund, view past returns, and manage benefits.
- Set up direct deposit with the CRA to receive your refund faster.
- Keep all tax documents for at least 6 years in case of a CRA audit.